Psychoanalysis seeks to make the unconscious conscious. It strives to probe into the deeper part of the psyche and get to those issues that were not resolved during cognitive development. It does not aim simply to uncover these issues, but rather to understand and experience them so that a change in character can occur.
The therapist will typically not engage in much self-disclosure and will therefore consider that most of what the client discloses will be related to significant others from the past. The relationship relies on transference and the client making projections onto the counsellor. They also seek to enable the client to deal with impulsive and irrational behaviour and to cope with anxiety, thus leading to a greater sense of self-awareness and hopefully more successful relationships.
The therapist also tunes in to the client’s resistances and interprets dreams and free-associations to get an overall picture of what the client’s problems may be. It is hoped that increasing the client’s awareness will encourage them to change, though it is up to the client to want to change. The therapist’s interpretation can therefore be seen as being not as important as the client’s willingness to change.” (taken from Counselling Techniques course)
COURSE STRUCTURE
The course is divided into eight lessons as follows:
- Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy l: Freud (& Erikson); Jung
- Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy ll: Adler
- Humanistic/Existential Approaches I: Gestalt Therapy; Fritz Perls
- Humanistic/Existential Approaches II: Person-Centred Counselling; Carl Rogers
- Rational Behavioural Therapy: Albert Ellis
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Aaron Beck
- Behavioural Therapy
- Solution-Focused Counselling
Examples of what you may do in this course
- Explain the concept of dream analysis.
- Differentiate between elements of traditional psychoanalytical theory in terms of its usefulness in modern-day counselling.
- Describe the modification to traditional psychoanalytical theory as prescribed by Erikson.
- Explain an object-relations interpretation of the origin of ‘narcissistic’ and ‘borderline’ personality disorders.
- Explain the difference between Freudian and Adlerian theory.
- Define the key concepts of Adlerian theory including personality, goals and lifestyle.
- Explain the concept of superiority v inferiority.
- Describe the 4 stages of the Adlerian counselling process, i.e: -developing the counselling relationship; -exploring the individual; -encouraging self-awareness; -re-education.
- Discuss the pros and cons of Adlerian therapy as applied to the counselling process.
- Define Gestalt therapy.
- Explain the importance of elements of human nature to the Gestalt approach.
- Discuss ways in which dilemmas can be resolved using the Gestalt approach.
- Explain the ‘effect of contact’ and the ‘effect of energy’.
- Discuss the use of confrontation.
- Describe different techniques of Gestalt therapy.
- Discuss the pros and cons of Gestalt therapy as applied to the counselling process.
- Define person-centred counselling.
- Outline the principles of the person-centred approach.
- Discuss how the impact of the counselling process is assessed.
- Discuss suitable areas of application.
- Discuss the pros and cons of the person-centred approach as applied to the counselling process.
- Define REBT.
- Explain Ellis’ views on ‘human nature’.
- Describe Ellis’ theory of personality.
- Discuss the stages involved in developing a rational philosophy of life.
- Describe different techniques used by REBT’s.
- Discuss the pros and cons of REBT as applied to the counselling process.
- Discuss the differences between CBT and REBT.
- Outline the main ‘cognitive distortions’ as set out in CBT.
- Discuss the goals of CBT.
- Describe modifications to CBT (known as CBM).
- Outline the 3 phases involved in CBT.
- Discuss the pros and cons of CBT as applied to the counselling process.
- Define the main characteristics of behavioural therapy.
- Describe different techniques of behavioural therapy including -relaxation training; -systematic desensitisation; -exposure therapies; -assertion training.
- Discuss the pros and cons of behavioural therapy as applied to the counselling process.
- Define solution-focused counselling.
- Describe how to engage the client.
- Describe how questions are used to construct pathways for change.
- Discuss strategies used to generate creative solutions.
- Discuss the pros and cons of solution-focused therapy to the counselling process.
Develop your understanding of most of the major theoretical approaches to counselling and their application to the counselling process. The course does not adopt a particular stance but provides an overview and awareness of different types of therapy.
